1. n. [Geophysics]

A magnetic disturbance field generated by electric currents flowing in the ionosphere and magnetosphere and “mirror-currents” induced in the Earth and oceans by the external magnetic field time variations. The disturbance field, which is associated with diurnal field variations and magnetic storms, is affected by solar activity (solar wind), the interplanetary magnetic field and the Earth’s magnetic field.

The external magnetic field exhibits variations on several time scales, which may affect the applicability of magnetic reference models. Very long-period variations are related to the solar cycle of about 11 years. Short-term variations result from daily changes in solar radiation, atmospheric tides and conductivity. Irregular time variations are influenced by the solar wind. Perturbed magnetic states, called magnetic storms, occur and show impulsive and unpredictable rapid time variations.

See related terms: main magnetic field,  crustal magnetic field,  local magnetic interference