pH | Energy Glossary

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pH

1. n. []

Hydrogen ion potential, which is the log10 of the reciprocal of hydrogen ion, H+, concentration. Mathematically, pH = log10 (1/[H+]), where [ ] represents mole/L. pH is derived from the ion-product constant of water, which at room temperature is 1 × 10–14 = [H+] × [OH]. Pure water (at neutral pH) has equal concentrations of its two ions: [H+] = [OH] = 10–7 mole/L. Log10 1/[H+] is 7, which is the pH of a neutral solution. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, and values below 7 are acidic and above 7 are basic.

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